Five hundred particles, and one direction in time.
A box of dust on a dark table. Press play and watch it spread. Then try, with a soft brush of your finger, to push every grain back into the corner you started from. You will fail — not because the brush is too weak, but because the universe has more ways of being shuffled than of being neat, and arithmetic, not friction, is what stops you.
Reading the picture
§ 05 · NotesHow the meter works
§ 05 · MethodDivide the box into a coarse grid of cells. Two arrangements are indistinguishable to the eye if every cell holds the same count — that is the macrostate. Boltzmann counted how many microstates (which-particle-is-where) collapse to each macrostate, then took the logarithm.
For occupancies ni with N particles total, the count of microstates is W = N! / ∏ ni!. The number on the right side of the bar is log10 W. A neat corner pile has W = 1 (everyone in one cell) so S = 0. A perfectly even spread maximises S at N · log10(number of cells). Your brush pushes the dust toward small W; thermodynamics pushes back, ruthlessly, by arithmetic alone.
Walls are elastic. Two-body collisions are elastic and momentum-conserving via a uniform spatial hash — the heat-flow mode equilibrates because of them, not in spite of them.